There are several ways to do things as the superuser. The
worst way is to log in as root
directly.
Usually very little activity requires root
so logging off and logging in as root
,
performing tasks, then logging off and on again as a normal user
is a waste of time.
A better way is to use su(1) without providing a login
but using -
to inherit the root environment.
Not providing a login will imply super user. For this to work
the login that must be in the wheel
group.
An example of a typical software installation would involve the
administrator unpacking the software as a normal user and then
elevating their privileges for the build and installation of
the software.
%
configure
%
make
%
su -
Password:
#
make install
#
exit
%
Note in this example the transition to
root
is less painful than logging off
and back on twice.
Using su(1) works well for single systems or small
networks with just one system administrator. For more complex
environments (or even for these simple environments)
sudo
should be used. It is provided as a port,
security/sudo
. It allows for
things like activity logging, granting users the ability to only
run certain commands as the superuser, and several other
options.
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Questions that are not answered by the
documentation may be
sent to <freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>.
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