- localtime
Converts a time as returned by the time function to a 9-element list with the time analyzed for the local time zone. Typically used as follows:
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime(time);
All list elements are numeric, and come straight out of the C `struct tm'.
$sec
,$min
, and$hour
are the seconds, minutes, and hours of the specified time.$mday
is the day of the month, and$mon
is the month itself, in the range0..11
with 0 indicating January and 11 indicating December. This makes it easy to get a month name from a list:my @abbr = qw( Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ); print "$abbr[$mon] $mday"; # $mon=9, $mday=18 gives "Oct 18"
$year
is the number of years since 1900, not just the last two digits of the year. That is,$year
is123
in year 2023. The proper way to get a complete 4-digit year is simply:$year += 1900;
To get the last two digits of the year (e.g., '01' in 2001) do:
$year = sprintf("%02d", $year % 100);
$wday
is the day of the week, with 0 indicating Sunday and 3 indicating Wednesday.$yday
is the day of the year, in the range0..364
(or0..365
in leap years.)$isdst
is true if the specified time occurs during Daylight Saving Time, false otherwise.If EXPR is omitted,
localtime()
uses the current time (localtime(time)
).In scalar context,
localtime()
returns the ctime(3) value:$now_string = localtime; # e.g., "Thu Oct 13 04:54:34 1994"
This scalar value is not locale dependent but is a Perl builtin. For GMT instead of local time use the gmtime builtin. See also the
Time::Local
module (to convert the second, minutes, hours, ... back to the integer value returned by time()), and the POSIX module's strftime(3) and mktime(3) functions.To get somewhat similar but locale dependent date strings, set up your locale environment variables appropriately (please see perllocale) and try for example:
use POSIX qw(strftime); $now_string = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime; # or for GMT formatted appropriately for your locale: $now_string = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", gmtime;
Note that the
%a
and%b
, the short forms of the day of the week and the month of the year, may not necessarily be three characters wide.See "localtime" in perlport for portability concerns.